Intelligence in general
The intelligence has passed throught various stages all along the history. The most known and the oldest one of those is Human Intelligence. Intelligence divides into two roughly: Classical intelligence and modern intelligence. There are dozens of country intelligence that are known in the world and they undergoes variations from country to country due to necessity. This devastating organ, which changes according to country’s economy, industry and geography, varies by method of operation. Furthermore the cooperation of countries about modern intelligence, the common terminology is conspicuous. It is called JARGON shortly. The most famous intelligence agencies of the world are: KGB (then FSB and SVR), MOSSAD, MI6, CIA. These agencies achieved a reputation in the world and they became subjects of media time and time again due to abroad operations. The major feature of the modern intellegence is being technically more professional. The meaning of this is; every information is accepted as a raw material and then evaluated and processed. After processing, it is represented to related units. If those technics are neglected, the acheved results would be full of deception. Especially it should evaluated with the thought that our age is full of with documents, inormation and sensation. We want to utter an implementation in order to get rid of this confusion. The variety of documents and informations bring about determination of sources, in this way derived materials divide into three: open sources, semiclosed sources, and closed sources. Also, the classification of sources divides into four: overweening sources, reliable sources, douptful sources and unreliable sources. The types of sources are : dialogues, communications ( spoken and oral dialogues), sources in which the conversations (wireless, internet and phone) and correspondances (hidden or open on paper) take places and archives, files ( information storages). The key point that musn’t be forgatten is the production of intelligence. In production of intelligence, we utilize from different sources. In all intelligence agency, which activities in this area, the resource allocation is supposed to be %10 for closed resources, %5 for electronic and technic resources, %85 for open and semiopen resources.
As can be seen it is very important to make raw materials useful in the sense of intelligence.
Most of these preventions is for to provide the entrance of the disinformation to the system. After uncovering this stuation we have to come down to the second important point. The second important point tat we have to deal with is: the conformation of the intelligences in the world and similarity between them. When we analyse the country’s intelligence in general, we recognise that, almost every agency- which has different purposes – acts collectively. We might see it mostly in terms of target area; we can come across these country inteligence namely; political, military, economical, social, industrial, technological, scientifical, meteorological-cartography, echological, archeological, biographic, terrorism and illegal activities intelligence. All of these represents the intelligence power of the determinated country. We recognize that more than one intelligence agencies work for the safety of country. It is called community system. Whole of that operation express total intelligence capasity of a country. In general, intelligence agency has a wide or local nucleus staff and has a manpower who were trained specially, were gained experiance in a long term, and also who governs doings and runnings. In intelligence there are four class of staff member: main staff ( permanent),temporary staff (unpaid positions or onpayment positions), engaged agents (for long time or short time working people),volunteer informers ( who knows and lived the action). The training of the employees and natural tendency and dicipline of them are the principle causes of the agency. Because collection of raw materials and evaluation of them (such as determination of the manufactoring) is noteworthy for the identification of a penetration or spy detection and detection of an angaged person. In short, the more qualified the staff, the more qualified the work and information. Together with the duties and responsibilities, the intelligence agency can come across difficulties. In that situation , with the natural tendences of the intelligencers and by regarding the intelligence principles the difficulties can be passed.
It is important not to forget the instruments. One of the most important feature of the modern intelligence is the high-tech. Generally the governments pays various sources for intelligence in different times ( such as America , immediately after 11th September). These cases connote a question:where do the countries spend their funds,to human being or technology?
In general we can classify technic intelligence in this way: Cyber intelligence, Telint, Radint, Satellites spacehips intelligence, Photint/ imageginary, the echelon system, Comint and Sigint, Elint.
It is not necessary to explain one by one the technic intelligence tools that we have dealt above.However thinking about the sources that countries reserved fort his kind of researches, simplifies to understand the importance of the situation. Developed countries pays billions of dollars fort his searches every year firstly for their own safety.
Foot notes:
1-Kemal GIRGIN, Uluslararası İlişkiler Modern İstihbarat ve Türkiye, Okumuş Adam yayınları, İstanbul April 2003, p.490.
2- For detailed information refer to Avrasya Dosyası, İstihbarat Özel, Yaz 2002, p.115. ve Prof.Dr. SHERMAN KENT, Stratejik İstihbarat, Avrasya Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi yayınları. p.24-30.
3) Kemal GIRGIN, a.g.e, p.424.
4)Common principles that an intelligencer has to obey,can be summarized like that:
1-Reticence and secrecy
2- Scepticism nd precaution
3- 4E in intelligence (Everything+Everyone+Everywhere+Everytime)
4-Examination(beware of gossips)
5-Preventation(fight with spying)
6-There is friendor there isn’t
7-The role of the deception,diversion,collusion (beware of the stratagems)

